{"id":8951,"date":"2023-12-15T08:34:54","date_gmt":"2023-12-15T07:34:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/schizophrenialife.md\/public\/?page_id=8951"},"modified":"2025-12-18T13:35:55","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T12:35:55","slug":"diagnosticarea-schizofreniei","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/schizophrenialife.md\/public\/diagnosticarea-schizofreniei\/","title":{"rendered":"Diagnosticarea schizofreniei"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Diagnosticarea schizofreniei<\/h1>

Detectarea fazei prodromale \u0219i determinarea problemelor din aceast\u0103 faz\u0103 are o importan\u021b\u0103 vital\u0103.<\/p><\/a>

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Detectarea semnelor timpurii<\/strong><\/h3>

<\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagnosticarea nu este posibil\u0103 \u00eenaintea primelor simptome psihotice acute, \u00een conformitate cu ghidurile actualizate.
Cu toate acestea, detectarea semnelor prodromale poate fi esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru prevenirea evolu\u021biei ulterioare sau pentru interven\u021bia timpurie.

Dac\u0103 cineva detecteaz\u0103 semnele prodromale, poate \u00eencerca s\u0103 reduc\u0103 la minimum factorii de risc cunoscu\u021bi care afecteaz\u0103 dezvoltarea schizofreniei: stresul, mediul urban, emigrarea, canabisul etc\u2026<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/h4>

<\/p>Afla\u021bi mai multe despre cauzele schizofreniei<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Instrumente de diagnosticare<\/strong><\/h3>

<\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Schizofrenia se diagnosticheaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de simptome. De\u0219i se pot testa anumite tr\u0103s\u0103turi biologice sau fizice, de regul\u0103 nu sunt folosite pentru a se stabili un diagnostic1<\/sup>.

C\u00e2nd un cadru medical discut\u0103 cu dumneavoastr\u0103 sau cu o persoan\u0103 apropiat\u0103 despre un posibil diagnostic de schizofrenie, acesta va urma aceia\u0219i pa\u0219i de rutin\u0103.

Testele de diagnosticare a schizofreniei vor \u00eencerca s\u0103 evalueze impactul pe care \u00eel au cele trei forme de simptome asupra unei persoane cu schizofrenie2<\/sup>. Testele efectuate pentru a se stabili un diagnostic \u0219i a se exclude alte boli pot include3<\/sup>:<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Un consult fizic pentru a se elimina alte cauze poten\u021biale ale simptomelor<\/p>

Testarea pentru a se elimina posibilele diagnostice diferen\u021biale \u0219i screeninguri pentru consumul de alcool \u0219i droguri<\/p>

O evaluarea psihiatric\u0103 pentru a se verifica starea mintal\u0103<\/p>

Evaluarea criteriilor de diagnosticare pentru schizofrenie<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Un manual recunoscut la nivel mondial pentru bolile mintale (denumit DSM-5)4<\/sup> include cele mai actuale criterii pentru identificarea schizofreniei, iar un medic \u00eel va utiliza pentru a sus\u021bine diagnosticul.
Acest instrument ilustreaz\u0103 un num\u0103r mare de simptome \u0219i caracteristici care sunt frecvente \u00een schizofrenie. Cu toate acestea, o persoan\u0103 cu schizofrenie nu va prezenta fiecare simptom descris \u00een DSM-5.
Fiecare persoan\u0103 va prezenta o combina\u021bie unic\u0103 a simptomelor \u0219i experien\u021belor5<\/sup>.
Posibilele diagnostice diferen\u021biale includ boala afectiv\u0103 bipolar\u0103, tumorile cerebrale, boala Wilson, hipertiroidism \u0219i boli infec\u021bioase cum ar fi gripa, boala Lyme \u0219i HIV, care pot determina modific\u0103ri privind starea mintal\u0103 a unei persoane6<\/sup>.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Evolu\u021bia bolii<\/strong><\/h3>

<\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

De asemenea, este important s\u0103 observ\u0103m c\u0103 schizofrenia nu respect\u0103 un curs liniar.
Deoarece boala poate fi at\u00e2t de diferit\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de persoan\u0103, de regul\u0103 este mai bine descris\u0103 dac\u0103 se analizeaz\u0103 cele trei faze al schizofreniei care apar pe parcursul vie\u021bii: prodromal\u0103, acut\u0103 \u0219i stabil\u01037,8<\/sup>.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/h4>

<\/p>Afla\u021bi mai multe despre evolu\u021bia schizofreniei<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/h3>

Tipuri de simptome<\/strong><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a primi un diagnostic oficial de schizofrenie, ghidul DSM-5 recomand\u0103 prezen\u021ba a dou\u0103 sau mai multe simptome timp de cel pu\u021bin o lun\u01034<\/sup>. Cele mai frecvente simptome, denumite simptome pozitive, sunt delirul, halucina\u021biile, tulbur\u0103rile motorii \u0219i vorbirea sau comportamentul dezorganizat4<\/sup>. O alt\u0103 categorie important\u0103 de simptome sunt simptome negative, care pot fi, de exemplu, lipsa emo\u021biilor sau conversa\u021bia redus\u01034<\/sup>. Pot exista \u0219i simptome cognitive, care pot fi probleme privind luarea de decizii informate \u0219i alegeri \u0219i ra\u021bionamente organizate9<\/sup>.
At\u00e2t simptomele pozitive c\u00e2t \u0219i cele negative pot ap\u0103rea \u00een orice faz\u0103 a bolii: \u00eenainte, \u00een timpul sau dup\u0103 episoadele psihotice.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Referinte<\/p>

  1. Messinger JW. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011 Feb;31(1):161-8;<\/li>
  2. WebMD Diagnostic Tests for Schizophrenia. https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/schizophrenia\/diagnostic-tests-schizophrenia#1<\/a> [Accessed July 2019]<\/li>
  3. Mayo Clinic Schizophrenia Diagnosis. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/schizophrenia\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20354449<\/a> [Accessed July 2019]<\/li>
  4. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)<\/li>
  5. NICE CG178 https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg178<\/a><\/li>
  6. Medscape Schizophrenia Differential Diagnoses. https:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/288259-differential <\/a>[Accessed July 2019]<\/li>
  7. AIPC Overview of Schizophrenia. https:\/\/www.aipc.net.au\/articles\/an-overview-of-schizophrenia\/<\/a> [Accessed July 2019]<\/li>
  8. CPA Schizophrenia: A journey to recovery. https:\/\/www.schizophrenia.ca\/docs\/RoadtoRecoveryschzhioph-web.pdf<\/a> [Accessed July 2019]<\/li>
  9. National Institute of Mental Health Schizophrenia. 2009<\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
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